Class 12/Question Bank/Competency Based
Created by Titas Mallick
Biology Teacher • M.Sc. Botany • B.Ed. • CTET (CBSE) • CISCE Examiner
BioNotesBioNotesCreated by Titas Mallick
Biology Teacher • M.Sc. Botany • B.Ed. • CTET (CBSE) • CISCE Examiner
Competency Based Questions on Human Health and Diseases
1. Diagnose the Patient: A patient presents with sustained high fever (39°C - 40°C), stomach pain, constipation, headache, and loss of appetite. The doctor prescribes a Widal test. What is the most likely diagnosis if the test is positive? a) Malaria b) Pneumonia c) Typhoid d) Amoebiasis
2. Analyze the Immune Response: A person is infected with a virus. Which of the following innate immune responses will be the first line of defense to prevent the virus from infecting neighboring healthy cells? a) Production of IgG antibodies b) Secretion of Interferons c) Activation of Memory B-cells d) Release of Histamine
3. Identify the Vector: A sudden outbreak of a disease characterized by severe joint pain and high fever occurs in a town. The local health department finds high breeding of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Which disease is this likely to be? a) Malaria b) Filariasis c) Chikungunya d) Typhoid
4. Assertion (A): The use of vaccines leads to the production of antibodies and memory cells. Reason (R): Vaccines introduce pre-formed antibodies into the body for immediate protection. a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.
5. Predict the Outcome: If a person's thymus gland is removed at birth (thymectomy), which part of their immune system will be most severely affected? a) Humoral Immunity only b) Cell-Mediated Immunity (CMI) c) Innate Immunity d) Phagocytosis
6. Mechanism of Action: How does the HIV virus specifically cause immunodeficiency in the host? a) By destroying red blood cells. b) By attacking the liver cells. c) By destroying Helper T-lymphocytes (TH cells). d) By inhibiting antibody production directly.
7. Evaluate the Drug: Morphine is a very effective sedative and painkiller. However, it is strictly regulated. Why? a) It causes severe allergic reactions. b) It is ineffective in most patients. c) It has a high potential for addiction and abuse. d) It causes kidney failure immediately.
8. Differentiate: Which of the following features distinguishes a Malignant tumor from a Benign tumor? a) Uncontrolled cell division. b) Absence of contact inhibition. c) Metastasis. d) Presence of blood vessels.
9. Immunology Application: A newborn baby receives IgA antibodies from the mother's milk (colostrum). What type of immunity is this? a) Natural Active Immunity b) Artificial Active Immunity c) Natural Passive Immunity d) Artificial Passive Immunity
10. Lifecycle Analysis: In the life cycle of Plasmodium, where does sexual reproduction (fertilization) occur? a) In the human liver. b) In the human RBCs. c) In the mosquito's gut. d) In the mosquito's salivary glands.
11. Identify the Mismatch: a) Salmonella typhi - Bacteria - Typhoid b) Microsporum - Fungi - Ringworm c) Wuchereria bancrofti - Protozoa - Filariasis d) Rhinovirus - Virus - Common Cold
12. Critical Thinking: Why are organ transplant patients given immunosuppressant drugs like Cyclosporin-A? a) To prevent bacterial infection of the new organ. b) To suppress Cell-Mediated Immunity (CMI) and prevent graft rejection. c) To stimulate antibody production. d) To reduce pain.
13. Diagnosis: A child has an itchy, dry, scaly lesion on the scalp. The doctor advises not to share the child's comb or towel. What is the causative organism likely to be? a) Ascaris b) Entamoeba c) Trichophyton d) Haemophilus
14. Prevention Strategy: To prevent the spread of Amoebiasis and Ascariasis, which public health measure is most effective? a) Use of mosquito nets. b) Improvement of sanitation and hygiene (fecal-oral route). c) Vaccination campaigns. d) Wearing masks.
15. Concept Check: What is the primary function of "Memory cells" in the immune system? a) To produce antibodies immediately upon first exposure. b) To engulf pathogens. c) To launch a faster and stronger secondary response upon re-exposure. d) To differentiate into T-cells.
Mr. Kumar returned from a trip to a forest area. A few days later, he started experiencing high fever which recurred every 3 days (48-hour cycle), accompanied by severe chills and shivering. His blood report showed a lower than normal RBC count.
16. Identify: What disease is Mr. Kumar likely suffering from? a) Typhoid b) Malaria c) Dengue d) Pneumonia
17. Analyze: What causes the characteristic "chills and recurring fever"? a) Release of histamine by mast cells. b) Rupture of RBCs and release of the toxin Hemozoin. c) Bacterial toxins in the blood. d) The bite of the mosquito itself.
18. Prevention: Which vector control measure would have best prevented this infection? a) Using Gambusia fish in ponds. b) Wearing a mask. c) Drinking boiled water. d) Avoiding crowded places.
A 50-year-old woman discovers a hard, painless lump in her breast. She ignores it for months. Later, she notices swelling in her armpit lymph nodes. A biopsy confirms breast cancer.
19. Evaluate: The fact that the cancer has reached the lymph nodes suggests which property of the tumor? a) It is Benign. b) Contact Inhibition. c) Metastasis. d)Differentiation.
20. Treatment: Her doctor recommends a combination of Surgery, Radiotherapy, and Chemotherapy. How does Chemotherapy specifically work to kill cancer cells? a) It surgically removes the tissue. b) It burns the cells with radiation. c) It uses drugs to target and kill rapidly dividing cells. d) It activates the immune system.
21. Side Effects: Why might she experience hair loss and anemia during treatment? a) The cancer eats the hair follicles. b) Chemotherapy drugs affect all rapidly dividing cells, including hair roots and bone marrow. c) It is a symptom of breast cancer. d) Due to lack of appetite.
Little Rohan goes to a park to play. Suddenly, he starts sneezing violently, his eyes become watery, and he has difficulty breathing (wheezing). His mother gives him an anti-histamine tablet, and he feels better.
22. Mechanism: Which antibody isotype is responsible for triggering this reaction? a) IgG b) IgA c) IgM d) IgE
23. Cellular Level: Which cells released the chemicals (like Histamine) that caused these symptoms? a) Macrophages b) Mast Cells and Basophils c) Helper T-cells d) Red Blood Cells
24. Critical Analysis: Why did the anti-histamine work? a) It killed the pollen grains. b) It blocked the action of histamine on body tissues. c) It increased IgE production. d) It acted as a vaccine.
25. Designing a Campaign: You are the Health Officer for a city facing a Dengue outbreak.
26. Visualizing Immunity: Draw a flowchart or describe the sequence of events in the Humoral Immune Response when a pathogen enters the blood.
27. Formulating a Hypothesis: Observation: HIV cases are higher in populations with high rates of drug abuse.
28. Debating Addiction: Topic: "Addiction is a disease, not a choice."
29. Scenario Analysis (Cancer): Two patients have tumors. Patient A has a Benign lipoma. Patient B has a Malignant sarcoma.
30. Creating a Public Health Advisory: Draft a short advisory for a high school notice board regarding "Adolescence and Drug/Alcohol Abuse."
31. Analyzing Data: Data: A graph shows antibody levels in blood.