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Class 12/Question Bank

Microbes in Human Welfare

Questions on Microbes in Human Welfare

Unit 3: Biology and Human Welfare - Chapter 2: Microbes in Human Welfare

Comprehensive Question Paper

SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQ) - 100 Questions

Each question carries 1 mark

Which microbe is responsible for curd formation? a) Saccharomyces cerevisiae b) Lactobacillus c) Aspergillus niger d) Streptococcus

The process of converting lactose to lactic acid is carried out by: a) Yeast b) Fungi c) Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) d) Virus

Baker's yeast is scientifically known as: a) Lactobacillus bulgaricus b) Saccharomyces cerevisiae c) Aspergillus niger d) Rhizobium

Large holes in Swiss cheese are formed due to: a) Lactobacillus b) Propionibacterium shermanii c) Saccharomyces cerevisiae d) Aspergillus niger

Penicillin was discovered by: a) Alexander Fleming b) Ernst Chain c) Howard Florey d) Louis Pasteur

The fungus that produces penicillin is: a) Aspergillus niger b) Penicillium notatum c) Trichoderma polysporum d) Rhizopus

Citric acid is produced by: a) Acetobacter aceti b) Aspergillus niger c) Lactobacillus d) Clostridium butylicum

BOD stands for: a) Biological Oxygen Demand b) Biochemical Oxygen Demand c) Bacterial Oxygen Demand d) Biogas Oxygen Demand

Primary sludge is formed during: a) Primary treatment b) Secondary treatment c) Tertiary treatment d) Anaerobic digestion

Methanogens are: a) Aerobic bacteria b) Anaerobic bacteria c) Fungi d) Virus

Bt toxin is produced by: a) Bacillus thuringiensis b) Trichoderma c) Rhizobium d) Azotobacter

Rhizobium bacteria are found in: a) Soil b) Root nodules of leguminous plants c) Water bodies d) Air

Mycorrhiza is an association between: a) Bacteria and plants b) Fungi and plants c) Algae and plants d) Virus and plants

Cyclosporin A is produced by: a) Trichoderma polysporum b) Monascus purpureus c) Aspergillus niger d) Penicillium notatum

Streptokinase is used as: a) Antibiotic b) Clot buster c) Immunosuppressive agent d) Cholesterol lowering agent

Biogas mainly contains: a) Methane b) Carbon dioxide c) Hydrogen sulfide d) Oxygen

Activated sludge is formed during: a) Primary treatment b) Secondary treatment c) Tertiary treatment d) Anaerobic digestion

Roquefort cheese gets its characteristic flavor from: a) Bacteria b) Yeast c) Fungi d) Algae

Dosa and Idli are fermented by: a) Yeast b) Bacteria c) Fungi d) Algae

Acetic acid is produced by: a) Acetobacter aceti b) Aspergillus niger c) Lactobacillus d) Clostridium butylicum

Whisky is produced by: a) Fermentation only b) Distillation only c) Fermentation followed by distillation d) Neither fermentation nor distillation

Lipases are used in: a) Food industry b) Detergent formulations c) Medicine d) Agriculture

Pectinases are used to: a) Remove oil stains b) Clear fruit juices c) Dissolve blood clots d) Lower cholesterol

Statins are produced by: a) Trichoderma polysporum b) Monascus purpureus c) Aspergillus niger d) Penicillium notatum

Anabaena is a: a) Bacteria b) Fungi c) Cyanobacteria d) Virus

Azotobacter is a: a) Symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria b) Free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria c) Parasitic bacteria d) Pathogenic bacteria

NPV stands for: a) Nuclear Polyhedron Virus b) Nucleopolyhedrovirus c) Natural Pest Virus d) None of the above

IPM stands for: a) Integrated Pest Management b) Industrial Pest Management c) International Pest Management d) Improved Pest Management

Flocs are formed by: a) Bacteria only b) Fungi only c) Bacteria associated with fungal filaments d) Algae only

Butyric acid is produced by: a) Acetobacter aceti b) Aspergillus niger c) Lactobacillus d) Clostridium butylicum

The Nobel Prize for penicillin discovery was awarded in: a) 1928 b) 1940 c) 1945 d) 1950

Lactic acid bacteria increases which vitamin in curd? a) Vitamin A b) Vitamin B12 c) Vitamin C d) Vitamin D

Biogas plant depth is typically: a) 5-8 feet b) 8-12 feet c) 10-15 feet d) 15-20 feet

Methane is produced in the _____ of cattle: a) Stomach b) Rumen c) Intestine d) Liver

Trichoderma is used as: a) Biofertilizer b) Biocontrol agent c) Antibiotic producer d) Food preservative

Grit removal occurs during: a) Primary treatment b) Secondary treatment c) Tertiary treatment d) Anaerobic digestion

Aeration tanks are used in: a) Primary treatment b) Secondary treatment c) Tertiary treatment d) Anaerobic digestion

Nostoc is a: a) Bacteria b) Fungi c) Cyanobacteria d) Virus

Bt cotton is: a) Naturally resistant to pests b) Genetically engineered c) Treated with pesticides d) Hybrid variety

Phosphorus absorption by plants is enhanced by: a) Rhizobium b) Azotobacter c) Mycorrhiza d) Anabaena

Floating debris is removed by: a) Sedimentation b) Filtration c) Aeration d) Digestion

Supernatant in primary treatment is called: a) Primary sludge b) Activated sludge c) Effluent d) Biogas

Bacterial flocs sediment to form: a) Primary sludge b) Activated sludge c) Effluent d) Biogas

Inoculum in secondary treatment is: a) Primary sludge b) Part of activated sludge c) Effluent d) Biogas

Anaerobic sludge digesters produce: a) Oxygen b) Carbon dioxide only c) Biogas d) Water

Spent slurry from biogas plant is used as: a) Fuel b) Fertilizer c) Food d) Medicine

Methanobacterium is a: a) Aerobic bacteria b) Facultative bacteria c) Anaerobic bacteria d) Photosynthetic bacteria

Bt toxin kills: a) Adult insects b) Insect eggs c) Insect larvae d) All insects

NPV is specific to: a) All insects b) Specific insect species c) Plants only d) Mammals only

Biofertilizers are: a) Chemical fertilizers b) Organic fertilizers c) Living organisms d) Synthetic compounds

Wine and beer are produced: a) With distillation b) Without distillation c) With partial distillation d) With double distillation

Brandy is produced by: a) Fermentation only b) Distillation only c) Fermentation followed by distillation d) Neither process

Proteases are used in: a) Detergent industry b) Food industry c) Both a and b d) Neither a nor b

Immunosuppressive agents are used in: a) Cancer treatment b) Organ transplant c) Infection control d) Cholesterol control

Cholesterol synthesis is inhibited by: a) Cyclosporin A b) Streptokinase c) Statins d) Penicillin

Myocardial infarction is: a) Lung infection b) Heart attack c) Liver disease d) Kidney failure

Blood clots are dissolved by: a) Cyclosporin A b) Streptokinase c) Statins d) Penicillin

Oily stains from laundry are removed by: a) Proteases b) Lipases c) Pectinases d) Amylases

Fruit juices are clarified using: a) Proteases and lipases b) Pectinases and proteases c) Lipases and amylases d) Amylases and proteases

Pneumonia is treated with: a) Cyclosporin A b) Streptokinase c) Statins d) Penicillin

Diphtheria is treated with: a) Cyclosporin A b) Streptokinase c) Statins d) Penicillin

Bronchitis is treated with: a) Cyclosporin A b) Streptokinase c) Statins d) Penicillin

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation occurs in: a) Free-living bacteria b) Root nodules c) Soil bacteria d) Aquatic bacteria

Atmospheric nitrogen is fixed by: a) Rhizobium only b) Azotobacter only c) Both a and b d) Neither a nor b

Paddy fields use which biofertilizer? a) Rhizobium b) Azotobacter c) Cyanobacteria d) Mycorrhiza

Root-borne pathogens are controlled by: a) Rhizobium b) Azotobacter c) Mycorrhiza d) Anabaena

Salinity tolerance is provided by: a) Rhizobium b) Azotobacter c) Mycorrhiza d) Anabaena

Drought tolerance is enhanced by: a) Rhizobium b) Azotobacter c) Mycorrhiza d) Anabaena

Crop rotation helps in: a) Increasing yield b) Breaking pest life cycles c) Improving soil d) All of the above

Resistant varieties are: a) Artificially created b) Naturally resistant to pests c) Chemically treated d) Genetically modified

Biological pesticides are derived from: a) Synthetic chemicals b) Natural materials c) Petroleum products d) Inorganic compounds

Sustainable agriculture aims for: a) Maximum yield b) Minimum cost c) Environmental protection d) All of the above

Agro-ecosystem includes: a) Crops only b) Pests only c) Beneficial organisms only d) All organisms in agricultural system

Economic damage from pests is minimized by: a) Chemical pesticides only b) Biological control only c) IPM approach d) Doing nothing

Human health risks are reduced by: a) Using more chemicals b) IPM approach c) Ignoring pests d) Using only organic methods

Environmental risks are minimized by: a) Chemical pesticides only b) Biological control only c) IPM approach d) Traditional methods only

Narrow-spectrum insecticides target: a) All insects b) Specific insects c) All pests d) All organisms

Broad-spectrum insecticides target: a) Specific insects b) All insects c) Beneficial insects only d) Harmful insects only

Non-target insects are: a) Harmful insects b) Beneficial insects c) All insects d) Specific insects

Species-specific control is provided by: a) Chemical pesticides b) NPV c) Bt toxin d) Both b and c

Integrated approach means: a) Using one method only b) Combining multiple methods c) Using chemicals only d) Using biologicals only

Cultural methods include: a) Crop rotation b) Biological control c) Chemical control d) Physical control

Physical methods include: a) Traps b) Barriers c) Both a and b d) Chemical spraying

Ecological approach means: a) Ignoring ecology b) Considering ecosystem c) Using chemicals d) Maximum production

Holistic understanding refers to: a) Partial knowledge b) Complete ecosystem knowledge c) Crop knowledge only d) Pest knowledge only

Biocontrol reduces reliance on: a) Fertilizers b) Water c) Chemical pesticides d) Seeds

Disease-causing microbes are: a) Beneficial b) Pathogenic c) Symbiotic d) Neutral

Antibiotics are effective against: a) Viruses b) Bacteria c) Fungi d) All microbes

Fermentation produces: a) Oxygen b) Carbon dioxide c) Nitrogen d) Hydrogen

Leavening refers to: a) Dough rising b) Dough falling c) Dough hardening d) Dough softening

Partial degradation of milk produces: a) Curd b) Cheese c) Butter d) Cream

Characteristic flavor in cheese is due to: a) Bacteria b) Yeast c) Fungi d) Enzymes

Malted cereals are used in: a) Bread making b) Cheese making c) Alcohol production d) Curd formation

Fruit juices are fermented to produce: a) Bread b) Cheese c) Wine d) Vinegar

Distillation separates: a) Alcohol from water b) Water from alcohol c) Both a and b d) Neither a nor b

Fermented broth contains: a) Alcohol only b) Water only c) Both alcohol and water d) Neither alcohol nor water

Bioreactors are used for: a) Small scale production b) Large scale production c) Laboratory use only d) Research only

Industrial microbiology deals with: a) Household products b) Industrial products c) Both a and b d) Neither a nor b

Sewage treatment is necessary because: a) Sewage is toxic b) Sewage contains pathogens c) Sewage has high organic content d) All of the above

Natural water bodies cannot receive: a) Treated sewage b) Untreated sewage c) Clean water d) Rainwater

SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (1 MARK) - 100 Questions

Each question carries 1 mark

Name the microbe responsible for curd formation.

What is the scientific name of baker's yeast?

Which gas causes dough to rise in bread making?

Name the bacterium that creates holes in Swiss cheese.

Who discovered penicillin?

What is the source organism of penicillin?

Which fungus produces citric acid?

What does BOD stand for?

Name one methanogen bacteria.

What is the full form of LAB?

Which vitamin is increased in curd?

Name the toxin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis.

What is the association between fungi and plant roots called?

Which bacteria fixes nitrogen in legume root nodules?

Name one free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

What is the full form of NPV?

What is the full form of IPM?

Name the drug used as a clot buster.

Which organism produces cyclosporin A?

What are statins used for?

Name the bacterium that produces acetic acid.

Which enzyme is used in detergent formulations?

What are pectinases used for?

Name two cyanobacteria used as biofertilizers.

What is the main component of biogas?

How deep is a typical biogas plant?

What is spent slurry used for?

Name the process of dough rising.

What kills insect larvae in Bt toxin?

Which treatment removes floating debris?

What is formed when bacterial flocs sediment?

What is the primary effluent called?

Where are methanogens found in cattle?

What is added back to aeration tanks as inoculum?

Name the gases produced in anaerobic digestion.

What is mycorrhiza?

Which bacteria produces streptokinase?

What is the use of lipases?

Name the yeast that produces statins.

What does the floating cover in biogas plant do?

What is grit in sewage treatment?

What are flocs made of?

Name one disease treated by penicillin.

What is the scientific name of brewer's yeast?

Which acid coagulates milk proteins?

Name the fungus used in Roquefort cheese.

What is biocontrol?

What are biofertilizers?

Name one symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

What is the rumen?

Which bacteria produces butyric acid?

What is an antibiotic?

Name the Nobel Prize winners for penicillin (any one).

What is sewage?

What is municipal wastewater?

What are STPs?

What is primary sludge?

What is secondary treatment also called?

What is the purpose of aeration?

What is activated sludge?

What are anaerobic sludge digesters?

What is the main use of biogas?

What is the slurry in biogas plant?

What are bio-wastes?

Name one butterfly caterpillar pest.

What is narrow-spectrum insecticide?

What is species-specific control?

Name one root ecosystem fungus.

What is the benefit of crop rotation?

What are resistant varieties?

What are biological pesticides?

What is sustainable agriculture?

What is agro-ecosystem?

What is economic damage?

What is environmental risk?

What is human health risk?

What are non-target insects?

What is cultural method?

What is physical method?

What is biological method?

What is chemical method?

What is ecological approach?

What is holistic understanding?

What is integrated approach?

What are pathogenic microbes?

What is fermentation?

What is distillation?

What is malting?

What is leavening?

What is partial degradation?

What is characteristic flavor?

What is fermented broth?

What is a bioreactor?

What is industrial microbiology?

What is organic matter?

What is effluent?

What is inoculum?

What is digestion in context of sludge?

What is tolerance in plants?

What is resistance in plants?

SECTION C: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 MARKS) - 100 Questions

Each question carries 2 marks

Explain how curd is formed from milk.

Describe the role of yeast in bread making.

How are holes formed in Swiss cheese?

Explain the discovery of penicillin.

Describe the process of citric acid production.

What is BOD and why is it important?

Explain the role of methanogens in biogas production.

Describe the process of primary sewage treatment.

Explain how Bt toxin works as a biocontrol agent.

Describe the symbiotic relationship between Rhizobium and legumes.

Explain the role of mycorrhiza in plant nutrition.

Describe the structure of a biogas plant.

Explain the process of cheese formation.

Describe the industrial production of antibiotics.

Explain the role of enzymes in industrial applications.

Describe the process of secondary sewage treatment.

Explain the concept of activated sludge.

Describe the formation and composition of biogas.

Explain the use of Trichoderma as a biocontrol agent.

Describe the nitrogen fixation process by Azotobacter.

Explain the role of cyanobacteria as biofertilizers.

Describe the production of fermented beverages.

Explain the difference between fermentation and distillation.

Describe the production of organic acids by microbes.

Explain the mechanism of action of streptokinase.

Describe the production and use of cyclosporin A.

Explain how statins work to lower cholesterol.

Describe the process of anaerobic sludge digestion.

Explain the concept of flocs in sewage treatment.

Describe the benefits of using biofertilizers.

Explain the advantages of biocontrol over chemical pesticides.

Describe the process of alcohol production from cereals.

Explain the nutritional benefits of fermented foods.

Describe the role of microbes in food preservation.

Explain the process of acetic acid production.

Describe the industrial production of enzymes.

Explain the concept of bioactive molecules.

Describe the treatment of different bacterial infections with penicillin.

Explain the process of clearing fruit juices using enzymes.

Describe the role of detergent enzymes.

Explain the formation of wine and beer.

Describe the production of whisky and brandy.

Explain the concept of municipal wastewater treatment.

Describe the physical processes in primary treatment.

Explain the biological processes in secondary treatment.

Describe the formation of primary sludge.

Explain the process of aeration in sewage treatment.

Describe the settling process in secondary treatment.

Explain the recycling of activated sludge.

Describe the anaerobic digestion process.

Explain the composition and uses of biogas.

Describe the structure and working of biogas plant.

Explain the role of methanogens in cattle rumen.

Describe the process of nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium.

Explain the benefits of symbiotic nitrogen fixation.

Describe the role of free-living nitrogen fixers.

Explain the importance of cyanobacteria in paddy fields.

Describe the phosphorus uptake mechanism in mycorrhiza.

Explain the protective role of mycorrhiza.

Describe the mechanism of Bt toxin action.

Explain the genetic engineering of Bt crops.

Describe the characteristics of NPV as biocontrol agent.

Explain the concept of species-specific pest control.

Describe the integrated pest management approach.

Explain the ecological benefits of biocontrol.

Describe the environmental impact of chemical pesticides.

Explain the concept of sustainable agriculture.

Describe the components of agro-ecosystem.

Explain the benefits of crop rotation.

Describe the development of resistant crop varieties.

Explain the sources of biological pesticides.

Describe the holistic approach to pest management.

Explain the economic benefits of IPM.

Describe the health benefits of reducing chemical pesticides.

Explain the environmental benefits of biofertilizers.

Describe the process of composting organic waste.

Explain the role of microbes in nutrient cycling.

Describe the fermentation process in food production.

Explain the preservation mechanism in fermented foods.

Describe the industrial applications of fermentation.

Explain the scale-up process in industrial microbiology.

Describe the quality control in microbial production.

Explain the safety measures in handling pathogenic microbes.

Describe the sterilization techniques in microbiology.

Explain the concept of pure culture techniques.

Describe the media preparation for microbial growth.

Explain the factors affecting microbial growth.

Describe the methods of microbial preservation.

Explain the genetic improvement of industrial microbes.

Describe the downstream processing in biotechnology.

Explain the purification of microbial products.

Describe the formulation of microbial products.

Explain the storage and stability of microbial products.

Describe the quality testing of microbial products.

Explain the regulatory aspects of microbial products.

Describe the commercialization of microbial products.

Explain the market potential of microbial products.

Describe the future prospects of industrial microbiology.

Explain the challenges in microbial biotechnology.

Describe the innovations in microbial applications.

SECTION D: LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (3 MARKS) - 100 Questions

Each question carries 3 marks

Discuss the role of microbes in household products with examples.

Explain the industrial production of antibiotics with special reference to penicillin.

Describe the complete process of sewage treatment including primary and secondary treatment.

Discuss the production and applications of biogas with diagram.

Explain the concept of biocontrol with examples of different biocontrol agents.

Describe the role of microbes as biofertilizers with examples of different types.

Discuss the integrated pest management approach and its advantages.

Explain the production of various fermented beverages and their differences.

Describe the industrial production of organic acids by microbes.

Discuss the production and applications of industrial enzymes.

Explain the concept of bioactive molecules with examples and their uses.

Describe the complete nitrogen cycle and the role of microbes in it.

Discuss the mycorrhizal association and its benefits to plants.

Explain the mechanism of action of different types of antibiotics.

Describe the process of cheese making and the role of different microbes.

Discuss the environmental benefits of using biofertilizers over chemical fertilizers.

Explain the concept of sustainable agriculture and the role of microbes.

Describe the structure and functioning of a biogas plant.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of biocontrol agents.

Explain the process of alcohol production from different raw materials.

Describe the role of microbes in food preservation and fermentation.

Discuss the treatment of different diseases using microbial products.

Explain the concept of activated sludge and its role in sewage treatment.

Describe the anaerobic digestion process and its products.

Discuss the role of cyanobacteria in agriculture and environment.

Explain the symbiotic and non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation.

Describe the production and mechanism of action of Bt toxin.

Discuss the characteristics and applications of NPV.

Explain the ecological approach to pest management.

Describe the components and benefits of integrated pest management.

Discuss the environmental impact of chemical pesticides vs biological control.

Explain the concept of resistance and tolerance in plants.

Describe the role of microbes in nutrient cycling in ecosystems.

Discuss the applications of genetic engineering in microbiology.

Explain the scale-up process from laboratory to industrial production.

Describe the quality control measures in microbial production.

Discuss the safety and regulatory aspects of microbial products.

Explain the downstream processing in biotechnology.

Describe the purification and formulation of microbial products.

Discuss the commercialization challenges in microbial biotechnology.

Explain the future prospects of industrial microbiology.

Describe the innovations in microbial applications.

Discuss the role of microbes in environmental remediation.

Explain the concept of bioremediation with examples.

Describe the microbial fuel cells and their applications.

Discuss the production of bioplastics by microbes.

Explain the role of microbes in mineral extraction.

Describe the microbial production of vitamins and amino acids.

Discuss the applications of microbes in textile industry.

Explain the role of microbes in leather processing.

Describe the microbial production of single cell proteins.

Discuss the applications of microbes in paper industry.

Explain the concept of bioconversion and its applications.

Describe the microbial production of growth hormones.

Discuss the applications of microbes in cosmetic industry.

Explain the role of microbes in pharmaceutical industry.

Describe the microbial production of vaccines.

Discuss the concept of probiotics and their benefits.

Explain the role of microbes in mental health.

Describe the gut microbiome and its importance.

Discuss the applications of microbes in cancer treatment.

Explain the concept of personalized medicine using microbes.

Describe the role of microbes in immune system.

Discuss the applications of microbes in diagnostic methods.

Explain the concept of biosensors using microbes.

Describe the microbial production of hormones and their therapeutic uses.

Discuss the role of microbes in wound healing and tissue regeneration.

Explain the concept of antimicrobial resistance and its management.

Describe the applications of microbes in gene therapy.

Discuss the role of microbes in organ transplantation.

Explain the concept of microbiome engineering.

Describe the applications of microbes in space exploration.

Discuss the role of microbes in climate change mitigation.

Explain the concept of carbon sequestration by microbes.

Describe the microbial production of methane and its environmental impact.

Discuss the applications of microbes in renewable energy.

Explain the concept of microbial enhanced oil recovery.

Describe the role of microbes in mining and metallurgy.

Discuss the applications of microbes in construction industry.

Explain the concept of self-healing concrete using microbes.

Describe the microbial production of pigments and dyes.

Discuss the applications of microbes in art restoration.

Explain the role of microbes in food safety and quality control.

Describe the microbial spoilage of food and its prevention.

Discuss the applications of microbes in food processing.

Explain the concept of functional foods and probiotics.

Describe the role of microbes in flavor development.

Discuss the applications of microbes in beverage industry.

Explain the concept of fermented dairy products.

Describe the microbial production of food additives.

Discuss the role of microbes in agriculture beyond biofertilizers.

Explain the concept of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria.

Describe the applications of microbes in seed treatment.

Discuss the role of microbes in soil health improvement.

Explain the concept of bioremediation of contaminated soils.

Describe the applications of microbes in water treatment.

Discuss the role of microbes in air purification.

Explain the concept of biosafety in microbial applications.

Describe the ethical considerations in microbial biotechnology.

Discuss the future challenges and opportunities in microbial applications for human welfare.

Cite:Titas Mallick. "Microbes in Human Welfare" in BioNotes.

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Unit 3: Biology and Human Welfare - Chapter 2: Microbes in Human Welfare Comprehensive Question Paper SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQ) - 100 Questions SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (1 MARK) - 100 Questions SECTION C: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 MARKS) - 100 Questions SECTION D: LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (3 MARKS) - 100 Questions